For example, steady state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy have been demonstrated with NSOM. Since NSOM utilizes optically based contrast it has the potential to exploit optical spectroscopies with resolution comparable to the probe dimensions, i.e. In such a regime, it is the aperture of the NSOM probe that determines the ultimate resolution. An image is then formed by raster-scanning the aperture close to the sample surface and collecting either the transmitted or the reflected light ( Figure 1). A NSOM typically illuminates a local area of a sample by transmitting laser light through a subwavelength sized aperture, as defined by the end of a tapered metal-coated optical fibre. NSOM represents one of the most promising optical techniques that aims to overcome the Abbé barrier, and yet retain most of traditional optical microscopy's utility. Williams, in Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry, 1999 NSOM
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